The Relationship between Green Innovation, CO2 Emissions, Gross Domestic Product, and Renewable Energy Supply: A Panel Data Analysis for BRICS Countries and Turkey

This study aims to determine the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and green innovation on renewable energy (RE) supply (RES) by taking panel heterogeneity cross-section dependence into account. The dataset this covers a BRICS countries (fragile five) Turkey from 2000 2017. Based dependency, tests we have applied are CIPS unit root test, Gengenbach, Urbain Westerlund’s (2016) cointegration, Mean Group estimator (MG) fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), Panel Dumitrescu Hurlin’s (2012) causality techniques. We found in that variables cointegrated long term. results show CO2 emission for whole sample has negative RES. On country basis, it shows positive robust relationship with RES Brazil Turkey. does not statistically significant Russia, China, India, or South Africa. indicates countries. While economic growth reduces Africa, effect is opposite China. provides practical policy implications policymakers researchers studying field.